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Cresthill Mansion
Hillbrow, Johannesburg, Gauteng

HAROLD LE ROITH and ASSOCIATES: Architect
Wim A SWAAN: Design Architect
A BEGUIN: Structural engineer

Date:1953
Type:Flats
Style:Contemporary Vernacular : Festival of Britain
Status:Extant
Street:C/o Twist Street and Pietersen Street (north-west corner)

 


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Coordinates:
26°11'34.24" S 28°02'51.02" E Alt: 1758m

Previously Von Brandis Heights

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This fourteen-storeyed apartment building demonstrates many of the attributes of what Chipkin (1993:226) has styled the ''Hillbrow Vernacular'':
Meeting the height and bulk requirements of the town planning scheme (lending a uniformity to the urban scale);
Identical accommodation requirements (namely high-density [white] residential with a [black] servant class housed at the roof level behind the roof-line);
Beam-and-column reinforced concrete skeleton-frame construction;
Standard infill pre-fabricated steel-framed windows;
Enamelled cladding material of low maintenance, lending vibrant colours;
Face brick of wide chromatic range to create textured end-walls;
Large, projecting sun-trap balconies;
Extensive north-facing fenestration with framed inset windows.

Chipkin (1993:237) sees in this building the culmination of all three external post-WW2 influences, namely the Corbusian modernity of Martienssen House, that of the Brazil Builds Exhibition [''not as thick on the ground as they were dominant in the imagination (Chipkin 1993:236)] as well as more than a ''shadow'' of overt contemporaneity and ''instant modernity'' of the Festival of Britain (Chipkin 1993:237).

The basic Corbusier language that Le Roith had absorbed into his pre-war oeuvre remains intact: in the ground-floor pilotis, entrance stonework, rounded shipshape roof forms. The surrounding frame and the framed square inset windows in facebrick infill walling - elements inspired by the Martienssen House are there, too, although now transformed by Le Roith's strong urge for eye-catching enrichment.
Brazilian design flair occurs in the giant V-shaped end pilotis that lift the main building cube off the sloping bedrock of Twist Street hill. But it is the ephemeral influence of the Festival of Britain that in the end characterises the architecture. We see this in the decorative zigzag balustrading to the balconies and access galleries, in the thin, perforated cut-out balcony screens and balustrade panels. This cardboard-like, flimsy appliqué, combined with the attenuated reinforced-concrete details, embodies the decorative attitudes and impermanency of temporary architecture as seen at the Festival of Britain.

This building is distinguished by a cantilevered double-volume entrance carrying twelve storeys above, the entrance platform raised off street level, the cantilever poised on large diagonal concrete piers to frame the entrance at Pietersen Street.

Particular attention was paid to the design of the lobby of the building. It was modern, light and airy, with extensive large floor to ceiling glazing. The floor of the lobby was paved with large river boulders which flowed from the pavement into the lobby. The facing wall of the lobby was clad in stonework. In contemporary parlance, this area would be termed ‘mid century modern'. (As cited in the HIA of SAVAGE + DODD ARCHITECTS, 2017:14)

Building Structure

Harold le Roith Architects were known for their innovative approach to structures, in particular the exploration of ‘thin’ slabs and cantilevering slabs. They worked extensively with a Swiss Engineer, A. Beguin who was in touch with developments in Europe and USA. In Cresthill, this is given expression in the concrete cantilevering balconies and walkways which taper to extremely thin fine edges. These were designed by Beguin. Le Roith’s Office was also known as a Practice where young architects were quickly involved in the design of new buildings. The impact of students and young architects such as Kurt Jonas who worked on Radoma Court is documented in Gilbert Herbert’s book on Martienssen & the International Style (Stephen LE ROITH email 20/7/2017 as cited in the HIA of SAVAGE + DODD ARCHITECTS, 2017:15)

Working Drawings

In Cresthill, Le Roith’s partner Wim Swaan was involved in the design and detailing of the project. All the working drawings were drawn by him and he refused to hand these to a draftsman preferring to detail the set himself drawing every brick and stone immaculately. (Stephen LE ROITH email 20/7/2017 as cited in the HIA of SAVAGE + DODD ARCHITECTS, 2017:15)


References:

Chipkin, Clive M. 1993. Johannesburg Style - Architecture & Society 1880s - 1960s. Cape Town: David Phillip. pg 226, 237-238