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Date: 1075–1220 Type: Settlement Status: Ruin

See more photographs The archaeological site of Mapungubwe spans the present borders of Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa and lies at the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers in South Africa. Over a thousand years ago it represented one of the most powerful African Iron Age states or kingdoms, renowned for its power and trade that dominated southern Africa. The site was discovered in 1932 and has been declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco). Internationally, there are 812 World Heritage sites, in 137 countries. Africa has 65 sites and South Africa a total of seven - three cultural, three natural and one mixed. Mapungubwe was added to the World Heritage List in July 2003. For more information: University of Pretoria Mapungubwe UNESCO SouthAfrica.info Wikipedia All truncated references not fully cited below are those of Joanna Walker's original text and cited in full in the 'Bibliography' entry of the Lexicon.